Illiberal Institutions :: Liberalism Society Family Religion Essays

Illiberal Institutions We all lives are governed by the institutions like law, government, religion, education, family, employment market and others. All these institutions tends to look towards the formation of a society. They do not say that society is made up of aggregated individuals but that individuals are the product of society. This is a conservative notion which is in conflict with the ideology of liberalism. To look at all the institutions within which we live our lives and focus on their characteristics is beyond the scope of this essay. In this some of these institutions would be reviewed and their political approach would be examined. Where possible I would try and look at the whole institution on its own, but where the discussions about the whole institution is too broad, the focus would be on specific examples of the attitude of the institution. In case of law, I would emphasise would be on the laws treatment of women and how that shows the law approach to be illiberal. In religion I would be focusing on one kind of religion, Islam to show how all religions are conservative. In the same way focus in education would be on boarding schools. The rest of the institutions: family, employment, government and market economics are covered in singularity as institutions. As I mentioned earlier the focus in respect to religion would be Islam. I intend to look all some of the basic rules and principles of Islam and examine their attitudes. Islam believes in the authority higher then humans. It believes in the sovereign power of God which is called Allah in the religion. He is suppose to be higher than all the other beings in the world. He is referred in Quran (Muslims’ holy book) as the Creator and Sustainer of lives. This means that all the human are dependent on Him for their living. This is against the liberal theory, which believes in all beings, being equal. Thus, this concept of higher authority brings out the conservative attitude of the religion. Allah is the ultimate authority in an Islamic society and all the rules and regulations emerge from him. There are two kinds of duties that a Muslim owes one to Allah and the others to his fellow beings. The duties owed to Allah are Tauheed (believe in oneness of God), Salat (five time prayers), Fasting and Haj (the annual pilgrimage to Mecca.

Feedback to my classmate Essay

1.The four points about giving feedback that I plan to utilize while providing my classmate feedback on their skills check are as follows: Equality – My classmate is a valuable and worthwhile human being. Communication is generally more effective when feeling of equality exists. We are both equal in every way as we are both taking the Health Care Assistant program and both have home lives. Supportiveness – There has to be an atmosphere of trust and mutual support for effective communication between myself and my classmate Positiveness – To transmit positive feeling to other people. My classmate needs to feel liked and accepted by me and then they will be more apt to become involved in communication with me. Empathy – To try and feel as my classmate being assessed on their skills check would feel and to try and understand what they are experiencing. 2. Of the five components of caring communication the two that I utilized the most while providing constructive feedback to my classmate with regards to their skills check were supportiveness and equality. I utilized the two components as follows: Supportiveness – I felt I created an atmosphere of trust and mutual support with my classmate by reiterating that my classmate had requested me to provide constructive feedback on three components of their skills check and that I would only give feedback on the three components identified. When my classmate had completed the skills check, I proceeded to give my classmate constructive positive feedback on the three components identified. I addressed each component specifically and stated how my classmate had supported the component and where I felt the component had not been supported. I identified strengths and areas for improvement. Even if my classmate had successfully completed the identified component, I verbally identified the component and what behaviour my classmate performed to support the component. I explained descriptively on how my classmate’s actives matched their intention. At this point the instructor that was performing my classmates’ skills check asked if there were any other items that I would like to comment on. Before I proceeded, I took into consideration the reason for this exercise and considered what my classmate required and what had been requested of me. I questioned my classmate if they would like any additional feedback and  stated that I had not written any other comments on the feedback skills check form. My classmate indicated that they did want additional feedback. I provided by classmate with additional comments on 2 additional behaviours that had room for improvement. I asked my classmate if I should write the additional comments on the feedback formfor skills check, which was agreed on. Equality – Once my classmate had completed the skills check and before I proceeded to give any constructive feedback on the three components of the skills check that my classmate had identified for feedback, I thanked my classmate for asking me to give feedback and stated that this was the first time that I had given constructive feedback. I smiled and laughed a little stated that I was also nervous just as they were. I reiterated that we are peers and classmates and that giving constructive feedback can be difficult and that I hoped any feedback I gave was helpful to my classmate. 3. While I received feedback on my skills check, I took into consideration that constructive feedback is to give my classmate and myself the opportunity to learn. Constructive feedback is not about me or us, but about the behaviours that we are performing. I felt elated when I received positive feedback, so in turn receiving constructive feedback on behaviour where I needed improvement was much more positive. I felt receiving feedback that was descriptive and that identified strength and areas for improvement very informative and a creative learning tool. I found I was listening closely was able to rephrase the feedback that I had received. I felt very positive about the whole skills check feedback and was able to understand that it was â€Å"constructive feedback† and not criticism which in turn allowed me to thank all that were involved with a smile. 4.Upon reflection of giving and receiving feedback, I feel that it was a very positive experience. When I received the feedback from my classmate on my skills check, my classmate proceeded to give me additional comments. I was not prepared for this, nor did I expect this. I feel I may have projected this to my classmate by way of body language. I knew and I feel that I regrouped quickly and I did listen to what my classmate had to say. I understood that this was a learning tool for me, and that my classmate was  trying to help me with my behaviours that needed improvement and was not being critical of me. When I gave feedback I am not sure that I finished with a positive statement to my classmate. I now realize how important this is and I feel somewhat ashamed that I may have missed this step. Receiving any type of feedback can be daunting whether it is positive or meant to assist with areas that require improvement.

Architecture in Nature

Animals and insects have been able to develop solutions to assorted jobs in nature that are still faced by the worlds. The type of constructions that these animals/ insects build has a varied structural system and signifier. Their accomplishments in membrane design, airing, insularity, H2O proofing, drainage etc. are huge.[ 1 ] The grounds why all animals build are to protect themselves from the physical environment and from the other species. So, the architecture of these animals should be strong plenty to protect them from other species and besides should be immune to the physical environment.[ 2 ] To protect from the other species or marauders, these animals build in such a manner that either they submerge with the background or expression like something that can be mistaken for an object that is non nutrient. Protection for a white ant hill from marauders is done wholly by its stuff and that of the nest tubing built by weaver bird is done by its construction.[ 3 ] Temperature control can be seen by comparing the nests of humming birds in the low lands and the 1s in cragged parts. The 1s in low lands have shallow nests without plume liner and the 1s in the cragged parts have deep nests with plume liner. The stats show that when the temperature runing was from 16- 27deg. C outside, inside it was ice chest and about 6 deg. C lesser.[ 4 ] Even the white ant hills have a good thermic insularity due to their midst walls that do non let major fluctuations in the interior conditions. Experiments have shown that though the interior temperature fluctuated with the outer temperature, it was invariably high and damped.[ 5 ] Observations have shown that spider webs in shaded countries faced north-south and those in good illuminated countries confronting east-west. These orientations were majorly to acquire maximal sum of visible radiation to heat them in the shaded countries and the orientation was so in the lighted countries to avoid over heating so they had more clip to capture their quarry.[ 6 ] In countries with high rainfall, particularly the tropical countries, the major issue with the species there is the direction of H2O and protection from deluging.[ 7 ] Like, the termite hills are like lifting columns and capped like a mushroom on the top. And a series of downward directed projections facilitate the tally off of H2O. The chief life country is non at the base of the construction, it is good above the degree of flood H2O.[ 8 ] Connection between the animals and nature can be clearly seen in how they build, like a bird’s nest Tells us about the climatic conditions of the country where it is. It is good accepted that some of the architectural admirations belong to the carnal land, for illustration, beehive is a perfect mix of geometry and construction.[ 9 ] Animals are responsible for some of the most impressive architecture architectural design. They construct in order to transform their environment, better their quality of life, and supply safety and security.[ 10 ] Most of the edifices now a twenty-four hours are cubelike in construction. However, it is non the most ideal in context to nature because it has a really rare happening in nature, so it is non the most efficient or stable construction. The most stable construction is a diamond construction that has a tetrahedron construction that is something like pyramids.[ 11 ] Termites have built the tallest of all non manmade constructions with utilizing simple stuffs like Earth and spit. It is singular to see that these constructions have fantastic thermic conditioning and airing.[ 12 ] Everything in nature is created by a perfect blend of geometry and free flowing signifiers. The range of larning from nature is so much that it can non be understood by one individual, but it besides doesn’t average that we halt our enterprise to research and larn from nature.[ 13 ] The geometry in nature starts from a really basic degree. The diatoms in the saltwaters, snow crystals etc. Snow crystals have a really sharp geometry. They have a start like construction and travel on to organize hexagons. Even with such a chip geometry, no two snowflakes have of all time been likewise.[ 14 ] In nature there are really small groundss of regular hexahedron as geometry, because when it comes to the stableness factor, regular hexahedron is one of the worst thoughts.[ 15 ] In nature, we would loosely sort construction into two: the construction that makes the assorted constituents of nature, that is workss and animate beings ; and the other is the construction created by these constituents. The major in these is the 1 created by animate beings, or the carnal architecture.[ 16 ] The tallest constructions in the carnal universe are built by white ants, who are considered to be the maestro designers of the animal universe. The largest termite hills are found in Australia and Africa. If white ants were of the size of an mean homo, so the comparative tallness of a termite hills would travel up to 2000ft, which is about 180 floors that would be the tallest edifice in the universe.[ 17 ] The Australian and African assortment of termite towers is designed for chilling. These are made up of midst walls to retain wet in and heat outside. There are canals and channels that run through the countries of hill that walls that are porous or have tiny airing holes. These channels and canals are for circulation of air and stale air fumes. The lower most part of these hills is the life and working countries of white ants that is the coolest country.[ 18 ] Architecture gives pattern to construction and construction to model.[ 19 ] Nature is the unfastened book of cognition lifted to cosmic proportions. It is a force of intelligence that dwarfs human comprehension. A force that can uncover the solutions to jobs that have plagued world since the beginning of clip.[ 20 ] Nature is the supreme designer and interior decorator of all living things. And it has had 5 billion old ages clip to practice- to germinate and hone its designs. It is nature that can make constructions that can defy forces 1000s of times its ain weight. It is nature that can make self-acting energy systems that need no mechanical power for chilling and warming. It is nature that can make constructions that adapt and change harmonizing to altering conditions.[ 21 ] By working with nature, non against it, one can do clever designs that can non be damaged by seeking to defy the extremes of nature.[ 22 ] The Yellow Tree House Restaurant, New Zealand was designed by a house named Pacific Environments. It is inspired through many signifiers found in nature -the chrysalis/cocoon protecting the emerging butterfly/moth, possibly an onion/garlic clove signifier hung out to dry. It is besides seen as a lantern, a beacon at dark that merely glows yet during the twenty-four hours it might be a semi camouflaged growing, or a tree garrison that provides an mentality and that offers safety. The program signifier besides has loose similarities to a sea shell with the unfastened ends gyrating to the Centre.[ 23 ] It is a simple egg-shaped signifier wrapped ‘organically’ around the bole and structurally tied at top and bottom, with a round program that is disconnected apart on the axis with the rear floor part raised.[ 24 ] Masdar City Center, UAE, is an approaching undertaking 17 kilometer from Abu Dhabi and is inspired by unflowers that ever face the Sun. It was designed by Laboratory for Visionary Architecture ( LAVA ) . They are elephantine umbrellas, with a design based on the rules of helianthuss that will supply movable shadiness in the twenty-four hours, shop heat, so near and let go of the heat at dark. It isthe world’s first nothing C, zero waste metropolis powered wholly by renewable energy beginnings. The solar powered ‘sunflower’ umbrellas gaining control the sun’s rays during the twenty-four hours, crease at dark let go ofing the stored heat, and open once more the following twenty-four hours. They follow the projection of the Sun to supply uninterrupted shadiness during the twenty-four hours and can be used anyplace in the universe including comeuppances.[ 25 ] Lotus Temple was built in 1986, in New Delhi. The temple gives the feeling of a half-open Nelumbo nucifera flower, afloat, surrounded by its foliages. Each constituent of the temple is repeated nine times.The Lotus temple reaches a tallness of more than 40m. One can see 27 elephantine white petals of marble in a Nelumbo nucifera form, jumping from nine pools and paseos. All around the Nelumbo nucifera are paseos with beautiful curved bannisters, Bridgess and stepss, which surround the nine pools stand foring the drifting foliages of the Nelumbo nucifera. Apart from functioning an obvious aesthetic map, the pools besides help air out the edifice. The Nelumbo nucifera, as seen from outside, has three sets of foliages or petals, all of which are made out of thin concrete shells. The outermost set of nine petals, called the ‘entrance leaves’ , unfastened outwards and organize the nine entrywaies all around the outer annulate hall. The following set of nine petals, called the ‘outer leaves’ , point inwards. The entryway and outer leaves together cover the outer hall. The 3rd set of nine petals, called the ‘inner leaves’ , appears to be partially closed. Merely the tips open out, slightly like a partially opened bud. This part, which rises above the remainder, forms the chief construction lodging the cardinal hall. The top of the construction is a glass and steel roofing as the Nelumbo nucifera is unfastened at the top.[ 26 ] Architect Fariborz Sahba chose Nelumbo nucifera as a symbol for the Bahai temple, as a belief in possible pureness of human spirit and as a metaphor for truth that out of ignorance and force we will originate to make a new age of peace and cosmopolitan brotherhood.[ 27 ] Referencing: [ 1 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 2 [ 2 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 18 [ 3 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 18 [ 4 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 20 [ 5 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 21 [ 6 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 22 [ 7 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 23 [ 8 ]Dissertation: ARCHITECTURE IN NATURE: Lesson FOR HUMANS Pg No. 24 [ 9 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 2 [ 10 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 3 [ 11 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 4 [ 12 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 5 [ 13 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 15 [ 14 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 16 [ 15 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 17 [ 16 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 26 [ 17 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 31 [ 18 ]Dissertation: SYSTEMS IN NATURE THEIR IMPLICATION ON ARCHITECTURE Pg No. 32 [ 19 ]Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tdrinc.com/architecture.html [ 20 ]Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tdrinc.com/media.html [ 21 ]Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tdrinc.com/media.html [ 22 ]Architect Eugene Tsui, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tdrinc.com/media.html [ 23 ]hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archdaily.com/16445/yellow-treehouse-restaurant-pacific-environments/ [ 24 ]hypertext transfer protocol: //www.archdaily.com/16445/yellow-treehouse-restaurant-pacific-environments/ [ 25 ]hypertext transfer protocol: //www.newarchitecture.biz/2010/11/masdar-city-center-lava-laboratory-for.html [ 26 ]hypertext transfer protocol: //www.architecture-student.com/architecture/lotus-temple-delhi-innovation-in-architecture/ [ 27 ]hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sahbaarchitect.com/

Selecting, Developing, Managing and Retaining Knowledge Workers

Do HR departments have the right strategies to select, develop, manage and retain knowledge workers? As Peter Drucker recently quoted, the new knowledge economy will rely heavily on knowledge workers who are not, as a rule, much better paid than traditional skilled workers but also see themselves as professionals. Knowledge technologists are likely to become the dominant social and perhaps, political force over the next decades. Thus, it is very important to have the right strategies in place to select, develop, manage and retain knowledge workers. But before we proceed to analyze if HR departments do have these strategies, we need to understand what the term ‘knowledge workers’ means. A knowledge worker is one who works primarily with information or one who develops and uses knowledge in the workplace. In a knowledge-driven economy, a knowledge worker is oriented more towards research, analysis and manipulation of the symbols, as in information, rather than the mechanical tools. These individuals have domain knowledge expertise and may include broadly: architects, finance experts, graphic designers, fashion designers, pharmaceutical scientists, researchers, teachers, and policy analysts, to name but a few. In order to focus on strategically critical knowledge workers, it is necessary to move beyond merely creating a supportive culture or a best place to work. Top innovators understand their worth. These workers are independent and entrepreneurial, for instance like the originators of eBay, Google and Facebook. To keep such people, it is necessary to make them feel like they are building their own businesses within the larger organization. This can be achieved partly by recognizing their status as thought leaders but it is also important to give them a stake in the new lines of business they develop. The bottom line is that organizations need to view key talent as partners, rather than as employees or â€Å"resources†. The balance of power has shifted such that highly skilled innovators need to be seen as partners or they are gone. In the past, human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists performed the administrative function of an organization, such as handling employee benefits questions or recruiting, interviewing, and hiring new staff in accordance with policies established by top management. Their task was to attract, motivate, and retain the most qualified employees and match them to jobs for which they are best suited. Today the role of human resources workers is more than just managing these tasks, but, increasingly, that of strategic planning in consultation with top executives. They have moved from behind-the-scenes staff work to leading the company in suggesting and changing policies. Many organizations claim to have a commitment to developing their employees and phrases such as â€Å"our people are our most valuable assets† are often spotted on motivational posters in companies. In my opinion, however, very few companies embrace a structured approach to training and retention programmes. HR departments may claim to have several strategies to select, develop, manage and retain employees, but what is important is that the psychological contract, which is vital to building and sustaining a win-win relationship, needs to be reinforced. Research shows that several well-intended training and development initiatives fail to deliver the desired results. In fact, during economic slowdowns the budget which is often the first to be cut back on is the training budget. Adopting a structured approach to employee training and retention requires a change in mindset at the very top-level of the organization. The entire issue of staff retention needs to be treated in a strategic way and this is where most organizations lack. The first step in the development of an employee retention strategy is identifying the pinch points for the organization, the areas where the company regularly suffers from a high staff turnover and the particular concerns and problems of the targeted staff groups. It is also important to have a clear understanding of the expectations and aspirations of your employees; only then can you develop the strategies needed to meet some of these aspirations and begin to develop a workplace that is a great place to work and employees who see the company as a good company to work for. A good retention strategy should address issues such as:   support in the workplace, progression, opportunities for development, remuneration, working time, and flexible working. The focus should be on retaining existing talent and keeping the available organizational knowledge intact rather than searching for new talents. The key to success will be the integration of training and development within the retention strategy. Training and development provides the means of supporting staff to operate effectively and enabling staff to access the opportunities provided by the retention strategy. Levels of remuneration and flexible working will signal the right environment but it is through using training and development as a mechanism to demonstrate investment in employees on an on-going basis that will turn an organizational commitment into a reality. The techniques and processes that help new hires learn quickly are also the techniques and processes that help retain organizational knowledge. Knowledge sharing techniques such as communities of practice, mentoring, lunch and learn sessions, business process maps, expertise directories of staff are just as useful for retaining organizational knowledge as they are for fast learning by new employees. A good knowledge sharing technique should address questions such as ‘What does it offer me? ’ ‘What does it offer us? ’ ‘What does it offer to the organization? Once these techniques fill the personal and group learning needs of staff, they will also evolve to sharing strategic information. Techniques such as communities of practice can be HR's role in strategic information management for the organization. The success of an organization in its strategy will be judged ultimately by its success in engaging individuals in development activities, not in simply having them available. The key to success will be how relevant and appropriate the development activity is and how accessible it is to employees. It requires talent to retain talent. The successful employer of the future will be a keen competitor in the skills market. They will compete for the best recruits but not in terms of purely financial rewards but by offering them the best working experience, one that offers security as well as progression and personal growth. They will focus on retaining the available organizational knowledge and harnessing it to the maximum rather than on hunting for new talents.

What are the best treatments for Post traumatic stress disorder Research Paper

What are the best treatments for Post traumatic stress disorder - Research Paper Example The current prevalence of PTSD in the United States as presented by The National Comorbidity Survey Replication is approximately 6.8 percent in the adult population. The annual prevalence of the condition is 3.5 percent. It has also been assessed that the prevalence in females is twice as compared to that in males. PTSD is a condition which is linked with other comorbid psychiatric conditions like major depressive disorder, social phobia and bipolar disorder. The National Comorbidity Survey has also presented that secondary psychiatric conditions may also result due to PTSD which include mood disorders or indulgence in substance abuse. PTSD not only affects the mental functioning of an individual but it also tends to raise the risk of pathological conditions like congestive cardiac pathologies as well as hypertension, renal and hepatic disorders. (Ivanova 314). The main etiological factor for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is considered to be a traumatic encounter which affects the individual psychologically (Walsh 65). This leads to the development of the three main symptoms of the condition which include â€Å"terror, shame and helplessness.† (Krippner 11). It needs to be understood that not all individuals who are exposed to traumatic events develop PTSD. A study conducted to review the causes of PTSD revealed that traumatic experiences like sexual assault and physical abuse made an individual more prone to develop PTSD. But other factors like genetics, the personality of an individual, educational qualifications as well as social assistance also play a role and make certain individuals more susceptible whereas protect others from developing this condition (Ford 56). Psychological trauma can occur due to many reasons which include combat, accidents, sexual assault, physical and sexual abuse. In the year 2005, the Royal College of Psychiatrists explained that PTSD may occur due to various reasons. These included army combats, terrorist

Multiple Intelligences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Multiple Intelligences - Essay Example Multiple intelligences developed by Howard Gardner have a great impact on education process explaining the ways of thinking, problem-solving and logic. Typically these skills cross the disciplines and include such things as communication, collaboration, information management, and higher-order thinking skills such as problem solving. These types of outcomes cannot be measured by written tests; they require performance measurement. Educators who assess by performance believe that being able "to do" is parallel to saying that a student has really learned something, rather than simply memorized it. The impact and role of intelligences in education was widely discussed in the literature during 1980s. The first attempts to define and explain this process made by Alfred Binet (1900) who tried to create a measure to predict which youngsters would do well in the primary grades of Parisian schools (Kagan and Kagan 1998). In the mid-1980s, Howard Gardner challenged the belief that IQ was fixed with his work at Harvard University, which was explained in his book Frames of the Mind (1985). He hoped to see society move from testing people to growing people, by focusing on the diverse ways people develop skills important to their lives. He redefined intelligence as the ability to solve problems and fashion products that are valued in a culture or community. His research showed intelligence as more complex, more diverse, and less fixed than originally thought. Garner (1985, 1997) and Sternberg (1985) have argued for specific, multiple domains of intelligence. Today, intelligence is being more broadly conceptualized and defined (Kagan and Kagan 1998). At the beginning of the 21st century, researchers applied Gardner's Theory to instructional technology and distance-based education, to different learning strategies and learning environments. For instance, Milheim and Osciak (2001) examine advantages and benefits of multiple intelligences within online learning environment and come to conclusion that it "can provide multiple avenues for learning based on an individual's preferred style regardless of the discipline or the geographic dispersion of the intended learners" (4). Another layer of literature examines practical application of multiple intelligences in different fields including leadership and employees training, physical education and gifted children. For instance, Kernodle and Mitchell (2004) analyze the benefits of multiple intelligences in teaching tennis at the secondary level or in a college. They find that "offering a variety of activities that enhance different intelligences also helps students who are weak in certain intelligences by giving them the opportunity to improve themselves in those areas" (32). Some researchers examine the role of multiple intelligences in development of gifted and talented children (Fasko 2001); identify sex difference in learning process and perception in children (Furnham and Ward 2001). They find that the role of the teacher is acknowledged in this perspective but only in the context of co-constructing meaning for content and skills. Thus, Kagan and Kagan (1998) admit that this is still the realm of procedural thinking. The

Marxism and the Financial Crisis in China Essay

Marxism and the Financial Crisis in China - Essay Example Although china is a communist nation, it can be said that there are no real communists in the country. The Chinese communist party consists of about 70 million members, yet there are a few or no devoted Marxists to be found in the country. According to Gross, "The elites in China are more interested in capitalism as it is believed to result in better outcomes. They believe that the evolvement of capitalism in a state-controlled economy, under the supervision of the Communist Party will have great results." (Gross, Daniel. 2009) The Chinese communist party was founded in 1921, in Shanghai. Even 10 years before the party was formed, there were student uprisings concerning communism. The party was founded by two Beijing University Professors; Chen Duxin and Li Dazhao. One of Li's students was Mao Zedong. These people believed in communism and Marxism-Leninism. There became two parties trying to rule the country; the Communist Party of China and the Nationalist government of China. In 19 23 the Communists and the Nationalists joined forces to beat the warlords. But the Nationalist turned on the Communists and when they got to Shanghai, and they decided to clear out the communists In China, the communist party has shown flexibility when implementing policies. It is important to note that Karl Marx and his philosophy is very much respected and referenced by the party members. His wisdom has always been appreciated and is never forgotten. But another important thing to note is that Mr. Marx's ideas are very old and do not fit in today's era of science and technology, because even though this ideology seems appropriate, it would put a restraint on professionalism. (Jochnowitz) The pure Marxist ideology is a political philosophy, economic and sociological worldview with a basis on the materialist interpretation of history, a social change theory, a Marxist analysis of capitalism, and an atheist view of the liberation of humans. The major primary aspects this ideology, as put forward by Friedrich Engels and Karl are The dialectical and materialist concept of history, an advocacy of proletarian revolution, and a critique of capitalism In today's competitively developing world, China cannot afford to stay backward by adopting a pure Marxist ideology. Therefore it must adopt policies and processes that promote monetary growth and development. It is true that there is a wide gap between the rich and the poor in the country. But this does not mean that adopting Marxism and such policies would help in development. The ultimate objective is, undoubtedly, the prosperity of the entire nation, but the belief is that national prosperity could only be achieved through capitalism. (Gross, Daniel. 2009) The pure Marxist ideology has been rejected through out the world. The main reason for this is that states which adopted this system tended to remain backward as the rest of the world developed and progressed. From Marx's and Engel's perspetive, "the ideal society was one in which the principle of the common ownership of wealth and advocates the values of community, cooperation, equality and the satisfaction of need." (Heywood 1998:328) Communism also encompasses wider ideologies based on Marxist principles, such as socialism In the early to mid 1980s, there was a only a hint of Communism left in the economic system