Reasons to Drill Off Shore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reasons to Drill Off Shore - Essay Example In other words, global economy is inversely proportional to oil prices. When oil price increases, global economy declines and when the oil price decreases global economy achieves growth. American economy also follows the same path as the global economy does. A world without oil fuel is unimaginable at present. Even though we have many other energy sources, none of them are capable of replacing oil. Even though nobody has any doubt about the utility or essentiality of oil in sustaining human life in its present form, some people argues against offshore drilling citing environmental reasons. At the time of crude oil purification and also at the time of operating vehicles, oil liberates so many greenhouse gases like oxides of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, methane etc. Daniel et al (2006) have mentioned that â€Å"between 1976 and 1990, oil companies in Nigeria witnessed a total of 2,796 oil spills. An estimated total quantity of 2,105,393 barrels of oil was spilled on land, coastal and off shore marine environments† (Daniel et al, 2006, p.111). Amidst all such criticisms labeled against offshore drilling, it is a fact that the no other energy sources are capable of substituting oil. In other words, offshore drilling should be continued in its present form until we would be able to find out alternate energy sources to replace oil. â€Å"The United States consumes nearly one-fourth of the world's oil. The big discoveries are happening offshore, says Robert Bryce, managing editor of Energy Tribune† (Jervis et al, 2008). The above statistics and opinion clearly point towards the necessities of offshore drilling. It is difficult for United States to replace oil with another energy source at present because of the huge dependence of America on oil fuels. America is producing only 10% of its total oil needs, which means around 90% of oil required for its domestic usage, is being imported from overseas countries. It is difficult for America like big country to re ly heavily on other countries for energy needs. â€Å"Unfortunately, because of dumb luck, most of the world’s petroleum is controlled by nations that are unfriendly to the United States. Russia, Saudi Arabia and Iran were three of the top five producers of petroleum in 2007† (Column: Offshore Drilling Not Hoax, But Necessity To United States, 2009). Arab countries, Russia and China are the major oil producers in the world and America’s relations with these countries are not so good. Under such circumstances, if these countries decide to stop oil supply to America, energy crisis may intensify in America. Under such circumstances, it is necessary for America to increase offshore drilling to find out more oil sources. As Robert Bryce says, the possibility of big discoveries cannot be ruled out in offshore drilling. It should be noted that the entire faces of gulf countries have been changed immensely as result of the discovery of oil sources in those countries. Th e living standards of the people in gulf countries improved a lot as a result of the oil discovery. Such dramatic things can happen in America also and therefore oil drilling or offshore drilling should be continued even though criticisms are there. The following statistics from Louisiana reveals the importance of offshore drilling further. Louisiana has had offshore drilling since 1947. About 172 active rigs dot the Gulf of Mexico waters off the coast, producing about 79% of the oil and 72% of the natural gas that comes from drilling off the nation's

EliteClean International Logistics Strategies Essay

EliteClean International Logistics Strategies - Essay Example These techniques are used to detect areas of non-value adding processes otherwise defined as waste so that the necessary steps can be taken to eliminate them. One of these techniques is value stream mapping. Value stream mapping According to Mangier (2003) value stream mapping is a technique of creating a â€Å"one-page picture† of all the processes that take place in a company. This is the process from the time a customer places an order for a product until the customer has received the product at their location. The aim of value stream mapping is to illustrate the flow of material and information across and throughout all the processes that add value from the stage of production to shipment to the customer. Value stream maps documents both value-adding and non-value-adding processes from production to shipment. In creating the value stream map business and manufacturing waste can be easily identified and thus becomes the basis on which improvements can be made to the company ’s operations. Mangier (2003) indicates that there are four steps involved in value stream mapping. They are i. Defining the product or product family; ii. Creating the â€Å"current state† value stream mapping (CSV); iii. ...   The dishwasher line is manufactured in South Korea; the laundry product line in China; and the range cookers in Thailand. The value stream map for EliteClean is shown below. Figure 1 – Current State Value Stream Map In Figure 1 above a number of activities leading to the production of items are duplicated. There are several persons carrying out procurement activities. Instead of the head office obtaining information on materials required for production, the factories are allowed to do their own procurement. This procurement is carried out by the factory manager in the case of laundry and the chief production engineer who may delegate it to a production manager at the other factories. There are several trucks of raw material going to the three different factories. Some of these trucks carry similar items which are purchased separately by the three different factories. Elite Clean has employed a push-based supply chain strategy. The factories which are located in South Korea , China and Thailand produce items without any knowledge of demand and ship them to the regional distribution centers (RDCs). These distribution centers are located in Birmingham in the UK, Jordan in the Middle East and Chicago in the USA. There is a capacity problem at the RDCs due to the fact that there are too many inventory items in stores. There is some concern that some of these items may become obsolete. There is a cost involved in holding inventory. Additionally, when the storage facilities are too packed there will be a problem moving out inventory on a first-in-first-out basis. Items are not transported to the distribution centers based on demand.

Examine any foreign currency of your choice (preferably from and Research Paper

Examine any foreign currency of your choice (preferably from and emerging market and provide an analysis of that currency agains - Research Paper Example Hence, it can be stated that the movements of exchange rates have vital implications over the national economy including its business cycle, trade and capital flows. Additionally, exchange rate is often regarded as an important factor that influences the foreign economic policy of a country by a large extent (Dua & Ranjan, 2011). The paper intends to identify and analyse the Indian Rupee against the US Dollar over the five years period ending with 2010. Macroeconomic Analysis of the Indian Rupee over the US Dollar Macroeconomic fundamentals play a crucial role in the determination of exchange rate. This particular statement can be well interpreted with reference to the microeconomic context and currency fluctuations witnessed in India in the recent years. India has witnessed enormous volatility in the recent decade which has resulted in constant fluctuation of the Indian Rupee against US Dollar. The fluctuation had been quite apparent during the period of 2005-2010 (Somaiya, 2008). F or instance, during the year 2009, the Indian Rupee reached 48.32 against the US Dollar which was recorded to be the lowest exchange rate against the US Dollar over the five year period ranging from 2005-2010; while, in 2007, the Indian Rupee was identified to be 41.20 which was again observed to be the highest against the US Dollar for the stated five year period (SignalTrend Inc, 2012). Source: (SignalTrend Inc., 2012) Since 1990, India has made several structural reforms with respect to its foreign exchange related affairs. The major objectives of these reforms were fundamentally to enhance the confidence level among the investors and thereby, maintain a degree of domestic competiveness. Contextually, a major reason identifiable behind the appreciation of Indian Rupee against the US Dollar for the period of 2005-2010 illustrates the occurrence to be a consequence of the increase recorded in the capital inflow of the nation. The FDI equity inflow between 2005 and 2010 was identifi ed to be seven times more than the previous five years i.e. 2000-2004 (Rao & Dhar, 2011). During the fiscal years from 2007 to 2008, the currency exchange rates in almost all the emerging markets including India had strengthened against US Dollar. According to the reports on currency and finance during the aforementioned period, The Indian Rupee was appreciated by 10.2 percent as on March 2009. However, it is worth mentioning that Indian currency, in the five years period, has also depreciated dramatically in certain circumstances. After the occurrence of Lehman’s bankruptcy, the Indian Rupee sharply depreciated, reaching the level of 50 INR/US$, in the month of October 2008. The depreciation in Indian Rupee was primarily attributed with the rise in the price of crude petrol and inflationary pressure prevailing within the country. Moreover, the declining exports and continuous outflow of nat6ional income also contributed towards the depreciation of Rupee and appreciation of t he US Dollar (Reserve Bank of India, 2009). It is worth mentioning in this regard that the depreciation of Indian rupee had dramatic impacts upon the economy. Consequently, the depreciation resulted in higher import costs which ultimately lead towards the price rise of import commodities such as crude petrol and i

Bad Sugar Essay Example for Free

Bad Sugar Essay Unnatural Causes In this video Bad Sugar the Pima and Tohono Oodham Indians of southern Arizona have the highest diabetes rate in the world. This affects more then half the adults in this Indian group, but a century ago diabetes wasnt even heard of. What has happened to the health of the Pima Indians? During the 20th century the river water was used by white settlers and Pimas local Indians went into poverty and became dependent on the U. S. government. This resulted in the Indians eating tepary beans, cholla buds and wild life these everyday ood items changed to white flour, lard, processed cheese and canned foods. Needless to say this had a big impact on the Pima Indians. This exclusive documentary shows crucial evidence on how we pour more money into drugs, fad diets, medical technologies, but is it deeper then that? Evidence shows therere more to bad habits and unlucky genes. If we can find a solution to poverty we can solve many of the problems that individuals deal with on a day-to-day bases. As a future educator I will teach them strategies and help improve their daily exercise. Teaching hem strategies will help them to become independent with their exercise as well as quality nutrition and realize how truly Important It Is, which should lower the diabetic rate. Goals: 1 . Promote healthy lifestyles to prevent risk factors for pre-dlabetes, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke 2. Improve the detection, control and treatment of risk factors and pre-diabetes for the prevention of diabetes, heart disease, and stroke 3. Improve the detection, control and treatment of diabetes and cardiovascular disease to prevent complications and disabilities and reduce the severity and progression of disease

Globe Theatre Essay Example for Free

Globe Theatre Essay We do not know much about Shakespeare’s life. He comes from the small provincial town Stratford that lies on the Avon. His father was a workman, and he was a member of the town council; and he was also the mayor of the town for three years. Shakespeare most likely went to Stratford Grammar School, which can still be seen in the town, however we do not know much about what he learned in school. In 1582, when he was 18 years old, he married Ann Hathaway who was 7-8 years older; she was the oldest daughter of a wealthy farmer. Their first child was born the year after, only six months after the wedding; later they also had twins. There are several explanations as to why Shakespeare traveled to London, but most explanations are anecdotes from recent times. Some researchers believe that he became a member of a theatrical company that was visiting Stratford. The first time we here about him again is in 1592, and at that time he is a well-known person in London. He is mostly known as an actor and as a playwright, but he was also the owner of The Globe Theatre. Shakespeare wrote 37 plays: comedies, tragedies and historical dramas. His plays have something to fit everyone’s tastes; there are exciting plots, strong emotions, colors and comedy. Shakespeare’s themes are love, nature, power and the responsibilities that come with it. The central theme is humans and, especially after 1600, the bitterness towards the humans is most definitely felt. Around 1611 he returned to Stratford, possibly the same year as he wrote The Tempest, which can be read as his goodbye to the theater. He lived his last years in his home town, and died in 1616. He is buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity, and above his grave on the left side of the church, lies his epitaph.

Benefits Of Nuclear Energy Power On Malaysian Society Engineering Essay

Benefits Of Nuclear Energy Power On Malaysian Society Engineering Essay A comprehensive energy policy study has been undertaken and in June 2009 the government decided formally to consider nuclear power. A Nuclear Power Development Steering Committee was set up, to plan and coordinate the nuclear power development program through three working groups. Late in 2013 was set as target date for the steering committees Nuclear Power Infrastructure Development Plan (NPIDP), at which point the government will decide whether to proceed. In May 2010 the Energy Minister said that nuclear power was the only viable energy option long-term. Under the NP Steering Committee are three bodies: Nuclear Power Program Working Group under the Malaysian Nuclear Energy Agency (MNA), the Nuclear Power Project Working Group under the utility Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB), and a Legal and Regulatory Coordination Working Committee involving the Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) and the Energy Commission.   Prior to all this, in August 2006 the Malaysian Nuclear Licensing Board said that plans for nuclear power after 2020 should be brought forward and two reactors built much sooner. In July 2008 the government directed TNB to set up a task force to look at the feasibility of nuclear power. In September the government announced that it had no option but to commission nuclear power due to costly fossil fuel, and set 2023 as target date. It then sent a draft energy policy blueprint back to the Energy Commission as it was not comprehensive enough. As of early 2010 the government had a $7 billion budget to build a nuclear power plant, and in May the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water was told to find a suitable site so that the first unit could be in operation by 2021. The next step is the appointment of consultants to prepare feasibility study by late 2013, along with developing the regulatory framework, the soft infrastructure, and winning public support. Plus, In May 2010, the chairman of the Malaysian Nature Society recommended that the state of Sabah consider nuclear energy as an alternative to coal. Generally, most people do not prefer to use nuclear energy as the power source is due to the costly initial investment required to construct a nuclear plant. However, they do not think carefully on the benefit that we will achieve if we lessen the usage of fossil fuel as source of energy and move to nuclear energy. It is because nuclear energy is much cheaper. Even when oil and gas prices are lowered, electrical energy is competitive with fossil fuels. In fact, by using the nuclear energy, we can cover back the cost of building the nuclear plant in a just a short period as we should have save a lot of money from the usage of fossil fuels. Furthermore, we know that nuclear energy can supply larger source of energy from less amount of nuclear source which is mainly uranium. Not just that, nuclear energy prices are stable compare to oil and gas which is unstable and usually always increase due to circumstances such as political issues and world oil crisis. A country can purchase years o f uranium supply when the price is low as it does not required much space and can be easily stored until the time we need to use it.   From what have been discussed above, we should have realized that nuclear energy bring more benefits on economy compare to oil and gas and thus, it should be highly recommended to build a nuclear plant in Malaysia. Environment Apart from that, nuclear energy is also claims as a clean way to produce energy as it does not result in the emission of any of the poisonous gases like carbon dioxide or nitrogen dioxide. In todays world when pollution of the atmosphere is one of our main worries, an option such as this is definitely preferable compared to burning of fossil fuels which causes so much pollution. It can help to minify global warming by reducing the emission of Carbon Dioxide level in the surrounding far better than fossil fuels or also known as petroleum. According to international Energy Agency (IEA), that was examined to which energy sources can really help to lessen global warming by reduce Carbon Dioxide imitation, shows that from all the measures suggested, nuclear energy was found to have minimum effect on causing global warming. It is just about 10 percent! This result is even more remarkable to face the fact from International Energy Agency (IEA) that having no reservation to oppose nuclear en ergy. In comparison, coal and oil have Sulphur impurities that can cause smog and city pollution, but nuclear fuel is pure and free Sulphur. As nuclear energy produce electricity through the Uranium fission, not by burning of fuel, so that accordingly nuclear power does not pollute air. However, the use of nuclear energy application gives rise on many problematic because Carbon Dioxide emission must not be looked at solely of all risk. Hence, nuclear energy is not solution to all. This technology is still young and new. Lots of test and research should be done in order to find the greatest way in handling with its waste product, atomic fission, cooling method and etc. Until the scientists fine the correct method in controlling, handling and suitable materials to be used, it is recommended not to build up this energy sources as it very risky either in economic phase because it consumed quiet large investment of cash or especially bad effect to human being, other living organisms as w ell as our mother nature. Society There are many benefits of nuclear energy power on society in Malaysia and one of the benefits is that this power can produce vast amount of electricity that can be used on our country in a long term. The average amount of electricity that can be produced by a nuclear plan is 850 MW and about 439 nuclear energy plan around 30 countries that contribute on electricity production about 16 percent from the entire electricity around the world. Instead, there was a statement state by Mohammad Zamzam Jaafar, Head of Tenaga Nasional`s (TNB) nuclear unit said, Malaysia will hire Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPC) in order to assist Malaysia prepare fundamental feasibility study for Malaysias first nuclear plant. An agreement already construct by TNB. Actually, using the fission energy of Uranium and not by burning fuel does not pollute air. However, the use of nuclear energy can give us highly problematic matter because carbon dioxide emission must not be looked at independently of all r isk and problems. This technology is still young and lots of test and research should be conducted in order to find the greatest way handling with it waste product, atomic fission, cooling method and many more. Moreover, nuclear energy can produced high amount of energy unlike wind and radiant light from the sun or solar energy and it is the only logical option now instead of fossil fuels. This is nuclear energys benefit which is undeniable. When compared to the fossil fuel waste, the nuclear waste which occurs due to the production of nuclear power is not only small in quantity but also remains confined so as not to affect anyone in its surroundings. It has been proved that if a typical family of four uses nuclear power for all its needs then the waste produced over a period of a lifetime would be as small as a golf ball. Other than that, the availability of nuclear power is competitive compared to other sources of power like oil and gas since the cost of the nuclear fuel is a smal l part of the total reaction and therefore even if there is a slight fluctuation in the market the entire reaction need not be affected and one of the main benefits of nuclear power is that it is an extremely reliable source of power because most nuclear reactors have a life cycle of 40 years which can be easily extended further for 20 more years. That means that this form of power is virtually inexhaustible. Furthermore, by using nuclear power, it can be our biggest political advantages by the reduction of dependence upon foreign oil, most of which lies in the Middle East and Russia. It can also decrease the western democracies of foreign oil free and it can be further facilitated with nuclear power. Most of all, nuclear power is safe although we heard a few accident cause by this power but these are only sporadic incidents compared to the rate of accidents which occur in fossil fuel industries, coal mines and gas pipelines which have a history of eruption. A report from nuclear po wer conference, Shangri- La, state that gas currently makes up 60 percent of Malaysias energy mix, but by 2027, the gas fields expected to be depleted, so that it is vital for Malaysia to search another source of alternative energy in order to ensure the electricity to this country always continue and supplies to the society.

Articles of Confederation :: American America History

Articles of Confederation Soon after the Revolutionary War in America, a new government was started when the Articles of Confederation (Articles) were adopted by the Continental Congress. The Articles set up a democratic government that gave the States the power to make their own laws and to enforce them. However, the Articles were ineffective and failed to provide a strong government. During this Critical Period in the history of the United States, regionalism and anarchy were growing because of the following reasons. 1) The Continental Congress controlled public affairs but there was nothing in the Articles that gave Congress the power to enforce laws or unify the States. 2) There was no solid monetary system to ensure that taxes would be paid or to protect commerce, both nationally and foreign trade. 3) The country lacked unity and strength because there was no leadership. The Articles were ineffective because Congress only had the power to recommend actions to the States. It could not enforce its recommendations or laws. Each State had its own constitution, monetary system, and means to enforce the law. Each State had a stronger commitment to the State laws and to the State's own self interests than to the recommendations of Congress. Regionalism pitted one State against another, which decreased the sense of unity in the country. For example, when Congress recommended an impost, or duty, on imported goods, the State of Rhode Island voted to reject the idea because they felt it was unfair and was against the constitution of the State (Document A). The Articles failed to provide a solid monetary system to ensure that taxes would be paid or to protect commerce. Congress had no way to collect taxes to pay off pre-war debts. This led to chaos and anarchy when soldiers that hadn't been paid marched on Philadelphia, and Congress had to flee to Princeton New Jersey (Document C). Each State had it's own money, but there was no national money system. Since the money had no value from state to state, the people began to use the barter system of trade. This reduced the amount of trade and importation of goods. There was very little economic progress and growth during this period even though the population was increasing. (Document B). Self interest of the States and of individuals added to the cause of the problems. For example, John Jay tried to create a treaty with Great Britain that would have been bad for the merchants of the United States but it would have paid off the war debt.